**Article 1** **Development of Personal Injury Claim Mobile Applications using Odgen Table** Nik Ruslawati Bt Nik Mustapa \*, Hussin Bin Abd Hamid Faculty of Computer & Mathematic Sciences Universiti Teknologi MARA, Tapah Campus, Perak Branch , Tapah Road,35400 Perak *Corresponding author: \** *Personal injury claim can be found if any accident occurs such as road accident. After the accident occur the victim which is humankind can claim the compensation to himself regarding to injury in that accident. This claim involve law to determine the compensation amount to the victim. Unfortunately, in Malaysia multiplier-multiplicand approach still used by the court. This approach is outdated and unfair to victim as it’s not seen through the victim personal condition. So, the personal injury claim application which is it using Ogden table were implemented to calculate the compensation amount to victim. This Ogden table is special since it’s seen through in all aspect of victim personal condition. This application is build using Android Studio and Atom. This application has information about claimant, court and lawyer. It also can calculate the compensation amount more accurately to claimant. The target users of this application are claimant which is the victim, lawyer and court.* *Keywords: Personal Injury Claim, Odgen Table, mobile application, compensation* **INTRODUCTION** Personal injury claim is a process used to claim the compensation amount for those who has suffered from injury which not caused by themselves. A personal injury can be a physical or psychological injury or illness. A claim occurs when someone has been injured by others mistakes for example road accident. In Malaysia, still practice multiplier-multiplicand approach to calculate the claim (Mohamad, Hashim, & Khalid, 2012)**.** Lately in Malaysia, an accident that is related to the different type of vehicles keep increasing. According to the Malaysian Institute of Road Safety Research (MIROS) as cited by Ali, Saleh, Jamian, Mustapa & Yahya (2017), MIROS reported that there are 521,466 cases of road traffic accidents recorded in 2016 as compared to 489,606 cases in 2015. As the road accident increase, the rate of the claimant to claim their claim also increase. Thus, the claimant needs an application using a better approach that can make the calculation of compensation are more reliable. Massita et al. (2012) and Lim (1995) defined compensation as award of amount given to the wrong party who had pleaded responsible for the offenses committed and requires certain amount of payment to victims or beneficiaries parties. As to the compensation or damages, all the vehicle owners registered to third party insurance covers special damages and general damages. Special damages mostly cover vehicle and property damages. General damages refer to pain and suffering resulting from injuries to a person. Currently the approach that used in Malaysia which multiplier-multiplicand approach is shown their approach do not corresponding with the current changes and it became incompatible overtime (Mohamad et al., 2012)**.** For example, the government have update the retirement age until 60 years old. Regarding to this approach, the compensation does not considered the personal issues such as status of occupations, ages, gender, educational level, capability before and after accident, working status before and after accident and part on injury (Ali et al., 2017). Thus, it become unfair since the compensation amount does not coincide with the claimant situation. Thus, this project aims to develop a mobile application, which can calculate the right total amount of compensation. This calculation adopts the Ogden Table as a model to suggest an improved method for the calculation of personal injury claims. **LITERATURE REVIEW** **Odgen Table Approach** Ogden tables is a set of statistical tables with information to use by the court in the United Kingdom. The purpose is to make sure that the compensation is easier to calculate future losses in personal injury and fatal accident cases (Levene, 2017)**.** This method considered all aspect such as age, sex, whether disabled before the accident, whether not disabled, level of educational attainment, whether in work at the time of the accident, whether in work at the date of the schedule, retirement age had she or he not been injured, retirement age now, pre-accident earning capacity and post-accident earning capacity (Levene, 2017). This consideration is very applicable since all the consideration is fair to all claimants. Thus, the compensation never overestimates or underestimate. This method is strengthened its usefulness by the Mohamad et al (2012) and stated that this Ogden table can be a model to develop an effective method for the calculation the compensation. Below shows the calculation, how to make a claim using this method. The formula is divided into two parts which for men and for women. The formula to calculate the claim is as follow: 1. Men > Damages for loss of earning I: *am* x *bm* x *c1 = d1* > > Damages for loss of earning II: *am* x *em* x *f1 = g1* > > Award for loss of earnings: *d1 – g1 = hm* 2. Women > Damages for loss of earning I: *af* x *bf* x *c2 = d2* > > Damages for loss of earning II: *af* x *ef* x *f2 = g2* > > Award for loss of earnings: *d2 – g2* = *hf* ***am*** and ***af*** stand for **am** stand for multiplier value of loss of earning to pension age 65 males with basis of a 2½% rate of return in from Ogden Table (we assume as Table 1 or Table 2 in Ogden Table). **bm and bf** is the multiplier value of loss of earning to pension age 65 males in Ogden Table by considering able to work before accident with their educational level and working status (we let as Table 3 or table 5 in Ogden Table). Then ***c1*** and ***c2*** are pre-injury earning amount that the claimant gets from the court. ***hm*** and ***hf*** is a total claim that has been calculated. ### **METHODOLOGY** Methodology that used in these applications is waterfall model as in figure 1. Waterfall model is a traditional model of developing software, and there are several stages to develop the software in this model, such as requirement analysis, design, development, testing and documentation (Chandra, 2015) Figure 1 Waterfall Model 1. Requirement Analysis: Finding information about personal Injury claim and study all the requirements needed in the project. Searching for all the information that are related to the topic and understand the users’ requirements. 2. Design: Creating a sitemap and a wireframe to design the interface of personal Injury Claim Mobile Application. 3. Development: Using Android studio, MySQLi, PHP code in development and combine the entire interface. 4. Testing: Functionality and usability testing have been conducted for verifying the mobile application performance and function are in good terms according to the expectation of the mobile application specification. 5. Documentation: Document all the activities as a final report. ## Personal Injury Claim Mobile Application Interface and Functions The main pages that are involve for personal injury claim applications is login, add claim, history, home, profile, report and users page. Figure 2 below shows the navigation hierarchy for the personal injury claim application. ![C:\\Users\\Light\\AppData\\Local\\Microsoft\\Windows\\INetCache\\Content.Word\\Untitled Diagram.png](106-1-275-1-2-20190627_media/media/image1.png) > Figure 2: Hierarchy of the Personal Injury Claim Application 1. **Login Page** Login page is an interface that are used to login into the application. Figure 3 shows the login page. When the users open the application, it will begin by showing the login page. In order the users to login into the applications. Users need to input the username and password. ![](106-1-275-1-2-20190627_media/media/image2.jpeg) **Figure 3: Login page** > Figure 4 shows the register pop up in the login page. There are four type of account which is claimant, court and lawyer. For the claimant, court and lawyer, they have a few steps to follow in order to log in which is they need to Sign up. Before they begin to log in, they need to sign up to get an account. They need to click at the bottom of the login page that are labeled “SIGN UP NOW”. > > ![](106-1-275-1-2-20190627_media/media/image3.jpeg) Figure 4: Register Pop Up They need to input username, password and user type. They need to choose at the user type text view by clicking on it and the popup will appear, then the user can choose one of it. For the admin, it is having default account in it which the password are admin and username are admin in order to log in into the application. 2. **Interface for claimant** Claimant is a user that are used this application to calculate the claim. Figure 5 below shows home page for claimant. After the claimant successfully login into the application. The application will redirect from the login page into home page. This page will explain to the user how to use this application. ![](106-1-275-1-2-20190627_media/media/image4.jpeg) Figure 5: Home Page for Claimant Figure 6 shows the interfaces for calculate claim. For the claimant to count the claim. Claimant need to click on the tab below the applications named “Add” at the figure 6 below. Then, claimant need to insert pre-injury earning amount, which is the salary of the claimant before accident, their injury part, capability and working status after accident and need to insert post injury earning amount which is the salary of the claimant after accident. Finally submit their claim. ![](106-1-275-1-2-20190627_media/media/image5.jpeg)![](106-1-275-1-2-20190627_media/media/image6.jpeg)![](106-1-275-1-2-20190627_media/media/image7.jpeg) Figure 6: Interfaces for Calculate Claim Figure 7 shows the interfaces of claimant history. After the claimant make a claim. Then it will record the claim in the history page. For the claimant to go to that page. Claimant need to click on the tab below named “History”. Then it will appear all the history claim that have been made by the claimant. To view the details of the history, claimant need to click on the certain list. Then it will pop up the details. Claimant can delete the claim that have been made by them by click on delete button at the bottom of the pop up. Then to view the claim made by who, claimant need to click on the “click to see claimant’s details” button at the above of the pop up. Then the claimant details popup will appear. ![](106-1-275-1-2-20190627_media/media/image8.jpeg) ![](106-1-275-1-2-20190627_media/media/image9.jpeg)![](106-1-275-1-2-20190627_media/media/image10.jpeg)Figure 7: Interfaces of Claimant’s History **RESULT AND ANALYSIS** There are two types of testing that have been conducted;1) Functionality test, and 2) Usability test. Functionality test and Usability test were carried out to get the respond and to collect data from respondents about personal injury claim system. This paper will only discuss Usability test result and analysis. The participants were given a mobile phone to use and navigate through Mobile personal injury claim system, and then they were asked to answer a questionnaire. Table 1 shows the measurement criteria used in questionnaire for usability test: Table 1: Measurement Criteria | Rank | Value | | ----------------- | ----- | | Strongly Disagree | 1 | | Disagree | 2 | | Neutral | 3 | | Agree | 4 | | Strongly Agree | 5 | The measurement criteria have a ranking from 1 to 5, where 5 values the highest with strongly agree and 1 value the lowest with strongly disagree **Usability Test** Usability testing is a testing that are done to verify the application whether it is meet the client requirement or not. It is tested by the real users and are given a survey. The result obtained from the evaluation of usability test was gathered, analysed, and can be viewed in table below. Table 2 shows the score of percentage gathered from usability test. > Table 2: Percentage score of Usability Test | Description | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | - | - | -------- | --------- | --------- | | 1\. P*rovides an interface which helps to navigate better* | 0 | 0 | 6.6% | 46.7% | 46.7% | | 2\. Provides an interface with pleasant colors and suitable font size and type | 0 | 0 | 6.7% | 60% | 33.3% | | 3\. Provides common buttons for functions | 0 | 0 | 6.7% | 40% | 53.3% | | 4\. Apps can be accessed anywhere and anytime | 0 | 0 | **6.7%** | **66.7%** | **26.7%** | | 5\. Helps in calculate the claim | 0 | 0 | **6.7%** | **60%** | **33.3%** | | 6 Helps reducing time taken in calculate the claim | 0 | 0 | **6.6%** | **66.7%** | **26.7%** | | 7\. User Overall Satisfaction | 0 | 0 | **6.6%** | **46.7%** | **46.7%** | Table 2 show that most of the respondent agree and strongly agree that Personal Injury Claim Application provides an interface which helps to navigate better which is both is 46.7%. That is because the interface that have been built are user friendly and responsive. 60% of the respondent are strongly agree that this application provide an interface with pleasant colors and suitable font size and type. Most of the respondent also strongly agree that Personal Injury Claim Application provides common buttons for functions which is 53.3%. The respondent also agree that Personal Injury Claim application can be accessed anywhere and anytime which is 66.7%. Meanwhile, 60% of the respondent also agree that this application helps in calculate the claim. After the application has developed, users only need less than a minute to calculate the claim. As overall, table 2 show that 46.7% of respondent are agree and strongly agree that this application meet their satisfaction with interface, usability and performance. In a conclusion, the objectives for this application design have been achieved since most of the respondents gave a good response and it was found usable by them. **CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION** Based on all results analysis that have been discussed in the previous chapter, it can be conclude that a Personal Injury Claim application provide much better platform for user to make a claim. The contribution that have been made by this application is it help the claimant to calculate the claim quickly. So that the claimant does not need to use an old system which it is take a lot of time to calculate it. Besides, this application uses the Ogden table to calculate the claim, while this method established in UK. Which this application that used this method still do not exist yet in Malaysia. In Malaysia, they still used Multiplier-Multiplicand approach, which is this application not fair because to calculate the claim its only take the claimant age within ages 54 which it is not compatible with Malaysian retirement age which is around ages 60. So, Ogden method is introduced to overcome this problem, this method is very reliable and can provide an accurate claim result For future works, part of injury can also be enhanced by add more part of injured in the application. So that the claimant can have a variety of part injured to choose to make a claim calculation. Besides that, the application can be improved by made a contact us function, so that the users of the application such as claimant, court and lawyer can suggest or feedback related to the application. **REFERENCES** Mohamad, M., Hashim, H., & Khalid, H. (2012). The Traditional Multiplier-Multiplicand Approach. *International Conference on Economics Business and Marketing Management*, *29*, 325–329. Ali, N. A., Syaeda, S., Saleh, M., Husna, N., Ruslawati, N., Mustapa, N., & Yahya, M. A. (2017). The Personal Injury Claims Calculator ( PICC ) System, *7*(11), 1361–1371. Levene, S. (2017). Calculating with Ogden \_ Counsel. Retrieved from Chandra, V. (2015). Comparison between Various Software Development Methodologies. *International Journal of Computer Applications*, *131*(9), 7–10. Retrieved from Massita, M., Haslifah, H. & Halim, K. (2012). The Traditional Multiplier- > Multiplicand Approach, *International Conference on Economic, Business and Marketing Management IPEDR*, 29. Retrieved from http://www.ipedr.com/vol29/59-CEBMM2012-R10013.pdf. Lim, H. S. (1995). *Assessment of Damages in Personal Injury and Fatal* *Accident* Claims: *Principles and Practice.* Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur: Marsden Law Book Sdn. Bhd.