# Authors’ contributions

**Tisya Farida Abdul Halim**: Conceptualisation, methodology, and writing-original draft, supervision; **Raziff Jamaluddin**: Conceptualisation, methodology, writing-review and editing, and validation; **Nuraini Abdullah**: Conceptualisation, methodology, and validation; **Mohd Khairulnizam Zahari**: Conceptualisation, writing-review and editing, and validation; **Nur Syuhadah Kamaruddin**: Conceptualisation and Validation; **Bannu A/P Subramanian**: Conceptualisation, methodology, formal analysis, investigation and writing-original draft.

**About the Authors**

*Tisya Farida Abdul Halim, PhD*, is a lecturer and researcher currently affiliated with Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). She specializes in operations research and business analytics, with expertise in system dynamics and mathematical modeling. Her research focuses on optimizing SME performance, promoting sustainable business practices, and enabling data-driven decision-making. She is actively involved in developing business-oriented curricula, supervising postgraduate research, and contributing to impactful studies published in reputable journals and conferences. For collaboration or inquiries, she can be contacted at <tisyafarida@unimap.edu.my>

*Raziff Jamaluddin*, has a strong background in academic writing, specializing in entrepreneurship, SMEs, and business performance. With extensive experience in research and analysis, Raziff focuses on contributing to scholarly works and aims to publish in recognized journals such as MyCite and Scopus. For inquiries or collaborations, he can be reached at raziff@unimap.edu.my.

*Nuraini Abdullah, PhD is* a lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). Her current interest is in Behavioural Economics, Financial Literacy, Human Capital, Entrepreneurship. She has several articles in the Journal of Consumer and Family Economics, Journal of Human Ecology, Journal of Emerging Economics & Islamic Research, and Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanities. She can be reached through her email at <nuraini@unimap.edu.my>

*Mohd Khairulnizam Zahari*, holds a PhD in Management from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. His doctoral research focused on supply chain management and sustainability. His research interests include technology management, supply chain management, operations management, and total quality management. He is currently affiliated with Universiti Malaysia Perlis and actively contributes to advancing knowledge in these fields. For further correspondence, he can be reached via email at nizamzahari@unimap.edu.my.

*Nur Syuhadah Kamaruddin*, is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Business & Communication under Business Division at the Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). Her main area of research is operations management and supply chain management and has supervised and published in this area of study. She can be reached through her email at <syuhadah@unimap.edu.my>

*Bannu A/P Subramanian*, holds a Bachelor of Business (International Business) degree from Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP). Her research, conducted as part of her final year project, focused on the impact of social media marketing on SME performance in the restaurant industry. She was actively involved in conceptualization, formal analysis, and investigation, contributing valuable insights into digital marketing strategies.