Leveraging social media for enhanced SME performance in the restaurant industry: A Case study of Penang, Malaysia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v10i1.487Keywords:
SME Performance, Social Media Marketing, Restaurant Industry, Content Quality, Customer Engagement, Digital Marketing StrategiesAbstract
This study investigates the impact of social media marketing on the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in the restaurant industry in Penang. The primary aim is to explore how different social media platforms, content quality, and posting frequency influence key performance indicators such as service quality ratings and reviews. Employing a quantitative research design, the study collected data through surveys distributed to SME restaurant owners, co-owners, managers, workers, and others in Penang. Analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between strategic social media marketing and enhanced SME performance, with notable improvements in service quality ratings and customer reviews. The findings highlight the importance of high-quality, engaging content and optimal post-timing in maximizing customer interaction and business outcomes. These insights suggest that SMEs in Penang's restaurant industry can achieve a competitive edge and sustainable growth by effectively leveraging social media marketing strategies. The study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of tailored social media marketing strategies for SMEs, offering practical implications for business owners and policymakers. Future research could explore the integration of social media with other marketing elements and the impact of emerging digital tools on SME performance.
Downloads
References
Alalwan, A. A., Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Algharabat, R. (2017). Social media in marketing: A review and analysis of the existing literature. In Telematics and Informatics (Vol. 34, Issue 7, pp. 1177–1190). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2017.05.008
Ameena Mohammadi, A. (2023). Socialis Series in Social Science the Influence Of Content Marketing, Technology Innovation, And Customer Engagement On Smes. SP Jain School of Global Management, 5, 17–32.
Amoah, J., & Jibril, A. B. (2021). Social media as a Promotional Tool Towards SME’s Development: Evidence from the Financial Industry in a Developing Economy. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1923357
Appel, G., Grewal, L., Hadi, R., & Stephen, A. T. (2020). The future of social media in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1), 79–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00695-1
Azman, M., Rafiatul, I., Hj, A., Ruslan, M., Harlina, N., Hamid, A., Fariz, M., & Abdullah, B. (2013). The Impact of Online Food Delivery Services On The Financial Performance Of Restaurant Businesses In Malaysia. In Journal of Entrepreneurship, Business and
Barrera-Verdugo, G., & Villarroel-Villarroel, A. (2022a). Evaluating the relationship between social media use frequency and entrepreneurial perceptions and attitudes among students. Heliyon, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09214
Barrera-Verdugo, G., & Villarroel-Villarroel, A. (2022b). Evaluating the relationship between social media use frequency and entrepreneurial perceptions and attitudes among students. Heliyon, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09214
Bastian, J. W., Dagman, O. V, Dawagan, A. A., Francisco, R. K., Kate Lumabas, L. D., Sunga- ab, J. F., Dayle Sinlao, F., & Contawe, L. (2023). Impact of Social Media Marketing on Small Business Growth.
Beesoon, P., & Bhandar, M. (2022). The impact of Covid-19 on SMEs in the food industry in Malaysia. In International Journal of Behavioral Analytics (Vol. 2, Issue 4).
Bennett, T. (n.d.). ScholarWorks Marketing Strategies: How Small Restaurant Businesses use social media. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations
Björk, R., Lindbom, J., Tutor, V. P., & Mccauley, B. (2018). Social media marketing of SMEs in regional Sweden: A study of the automotive sales industry Bachelor thesis in Business Administration Title Social media marketing of SMEs in regional Sweden.
Carter, J. (2014). Social Media Strategies in Small Businesses Final Report.
Chabbra, N., & Mehta, R. (2020). Social media as a Recruitment tool-A study of the concept, practices and theoretical framework Introduction-Talent Acquisition. In Pune Annual
Chang, A., Ismail, I., & Wahid, N. A. (2015). A conceptual framework on the social media adoption among small and medium enterprises’ managers in Indonesia. Advanced Science Letters, 21(4), 984–988. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2015.5959
Chinyuku, M., Karim, A. M., Dikito, A. R., Mugodza, A., & Mavani, B. (2022). Conceptual Framework of the Impact of Social Media Adoption by Selected MSMEs in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i11/15584
David Gadenne, P., & Sharma, B. (n.d.). Quality Management Factors in SMEs: An Investigation of Their Effect on Organisational Performance.
Esmark Jones, C. L., Waites, S. F., Stevens, J., & Jones, E. (2022). Influence of Social Media Posts on Service Performance. In Influence of Social Media Posts on Service
Fadhiha Mokhtar, N. (n.d.). Social Media Marketing and Entrepreneurs: The uses of social media as business platform by small businesses in Malaysia.
Gabriel San Pedro Tabora, D., Angela Alano, J., & Angela, J. (n.d.). The Effectiveness of Facebook Social Media Marketing on Filipino College Students’ Preferences. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.21861.78562
Galib, M., Haerani, S., Maming, J., & Munir, A. R. (n.d.). The Effect of Using Social Media Marketing and Market Orientation on the Performance of Culinary MSMEs in Makassar (Vol. 1, Issue 2).
Gibson, N. (n.d.). An Analysis of the Impact of Social Media Marketing on An Analysis of the Impact of Social Media Marketing on Individuals’ Attitudes and Perceptions at NOVA Community Individuals’ Attitudes and Perceptions at NOVA Community College College. https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/ots_masters_projects
Hassan, S., Shiratuddin, N., & Ab Salam, S. N. (2015). Social media as persuasive technology for business in Malaysia. International Journal of E-Business Research, 11(2), 18–39. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijebr.2015040102
Ihsanuddin, R., & Anuar, F. I. (2016). The influence of Instagram communication is attributed on Generation Y sharing travel photo behavior. Heritage, Culture and Society: Research Agenda and Best Practices in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry - Proceedings of the 3rd International Hospitality and Tourism Conference, IHTC 2016 and 2nd International Seminar on Tourism, ISOT 2016, 513–518. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315386980-91
Kainat, K., & Patrizi, J. (n.d.). Challenges SMEs Face when Adopting Social Media Marketing to Increase Brand Awareness a Multiple-Case Study.
Kajongwe, C. (2020). Social media and Marketing Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Harare Metropolitan Province. In Zimbabwe. Journal of African Interdisciplinary Studies (Vol. 4, Issue 4). http://cedred.org/jais/index.php/issues
Koob, C. (2021). Determinants of content marketing effectiveness: Conceptual framework and empirical findings from a managerial perspective. In PLoS ONE (Vol. 16, Issue 4 April). Public Library of Science. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249457
Kostov, T., Author Kostov, D., & Salman, S. (2020). Impact Of Social Media Marketing On Consumer Behavior Entrepreneurship and business competence.
Laradi, S., Berber, N., Rehman, H. M., Hossain, M. B., Hiew, L. C., & Illés, C. B. (2023).
Lee, J. Y., Yang, Y. S., Ghauri, P. N., & Park, B. Il. (2022). The Impact of Social Media and Digital Platforms Experience on SME International Orientation: The Moderating Role of COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of International Management, 28(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2022.100950
Lestari, R. B., Sulastri, Shihab, M. S., & Andriana, I. (2024a). Social Media Marketing and Its Impact on SMEs’ Business Performance. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i14.16121
Lestari, R. B., Sulastri, , Shihab, M. S., & Andriana, I. (2024b). Social Media Marketing and Its Impact on SMEs’ Business Performance. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i14.16121
Li, F., Larimo, J., & Leonidou, L. C. (2023). Social media in marketing research: Theoretical bases, methodological aspects, and thematic focus. In Psychology and Marketing (Vol. 40, Issue 1, pp. 124–145). John Wiley and Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21746
Li, J., Kim, W. G., & Choi, H. M. (2021). Effectiveness of social media marketing on enhancing performance: Evidence from a casual-dining restaurant setting. Tourism Economics, 27(1), 3–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/1354816619867807
Luthen, M. D., & Soelaiman, L. (2022). Factors Affecting the Use of Social-Media TikTok to Improve SME Performance.
Ma, J., & Yu, S. (2021). The Future Development of E-commerce in Tiktok. Maina Macharia, D., & Namusonge, M. (n.d.).
Performance Of Small and Medium Enterprises: A Review of Literature. International Academic Journal of Innovation, Leadership and Entrepreneurship |, 2(2), 258–278. https://iajournals.org/articles/iajile_v2_i2_258_278.pdf
Martínez-Navalón, J. G., Gelashvili, V., & Debasa, F. (2019). The impact of restaurant social media on environmental sustainability: An empirical study. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(21). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11216105
Mechineaud, M. (n.d.). Description The application of Social Media Marketing for SMEs. Mohd, N., Nik, S., Nor, M., Dahlia, P., & Rashid, A. (n.d.). Consumers’ Preference towards
Motkoski, L. J. (2017). Running head: Facebook in The Restaurant Industry Factors Influencing the use of Facebook by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Restaurant Industry and Examination of Performance Outcomes.
Musa, H., Rahim Azmi, F., Shibghatullah, A. S., Akmaliah Othman, N., Ab Rahim, N., & Samad Shibghatullah, A. (2016)) 1-5. Special Issue for. International Review of Management and Marketing, 50(S7), 11–13. http: www.econjournals.com
Musa, H., Rahim, N. A., Azmi, F. R., Shibghatullah, A. S., & Othman, N. A. (2016). ) 1-5. Special Issue for. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(S7), 11–13. http: www.econjournals.com
Nair, R. K., Ganatra, V., Sugumaran, H. A., Kee, D. M. H., Heng, S. W., Mei, H., Huang, C., & Doshi, V. (2022a). How Does Social Media Platforms Help to Improve Business Performances during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Study of TikTok. Journal of The Community Development in Asia, 5(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v5i1.1384
Nair, R. K., Ganatra, V., Sugumaran, H. A., Kee, D. M. H., Heng, S. W., Mei, H., Huang, C., & Doshi, V. (2022b). How Does Social Media Platforms Help to Improve Business Performances during the COVID-19 Pandemic? A Study of TikTok. Journal of The Community Development in Asia, 5(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.32535/jcda.v5i1.1384
Passey, D. (2020). Theories, theoretical and conceptual frameworks, models and constructs: Limiting research outcomes through misconceptions and misunderstandings. Studies in Technology Enhanced Learning. https://doi.org/10.21428/8c225f6e.56810a1a
Pavithra, M. R. (2022). Content Marketing Capability Building-A Conceptual Framework.
Perumal, I., Devi Krisnan, U., & Abdul Halim, N. S. B. (2017). Social Media in Food and Beverages Industry: Case of Klang Valley, Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management, 12(6), 121. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n6p121
Qalati, S. A., Ostic, D., Sulaiman, M. A. B. A., Gopang, A. A., & Khan, A. (2022). Social media and SMEs’ Performance in Developing Countries: Effects of Technological- Organizational-Environmental Factors on the Adoption of Social Media. SAGE Open, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221094594
Rahmawati, R., Hudayah, S., & Paminto, A. (2023). Social media, saving the food & beverages business in the COVID-19 era? Cogent Business and Management, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2258637
Samat, M. F. (2020). SME Performance: The Effects of Social Media Marketing Adoption and Competitive Intelligence. 652–659. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2020.12.05.71
Samat, M. F., Yusoff, M. N. H., & Ismail, M. (2018). The Mediating Effect of Social Media Marketing Adoption between Competitive Intelligence and SME Performance.
International Journal of Asian Social Science, 8(7), 379–387. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2018.87.379.387
Shahbaznezhad, H., Dolan, R., & Rashidirad, M. (2021). The Role of Social Media Content Format and Platform in Users’ Engagement Behavior. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 53, 47–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.05.001
Shahid, H. (n.d.). Effectiveness of Social media marketing. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.32848.46083
Shahzad Shabbir, M., Saarim Ghazi, M., & Mehmood, A. R. (2016). Mini-Review Impact of Social Media Applications on Small Business Entrepreneurs HATASO, USA Impact of Social Media Applications on Small Business Entrepreneurs. Management and
Shrilekha, J. (2022). Strategies Of Social Media Marketing And Its Impact On Small Businesses. Shodhsamhita : Journal of Fundamental & Comparative Research, VIII(1), 2022. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362154211
Solomon, O. H., Allen, T., & Wangombe, W. (2023). Analysing the factors that influence social media adoption among SMEs in developing countries. Journal of International Entrepreneurship. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10843-023-00330-9
Sriram, K. V., Namitha, K. P., & Kamath, G. B. (2021). Social media advertisements and their influence on consumer purchase intention. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.2000697
Swallehe, O., & Haule, S. D. (2021a). The Effects of Social Media Marketing on Business Performance of Supermarkets inTanzania. Turk Turizm Arastirmalari Dergisi, 3(4), 234– 249. https://doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2021.906
Swallehe, O., & Haule, S. D. (2021b). The Effects of Social Media Marketing on Business Performance of Supermarkets inTanzania. Turk Turizm Arastirmalari Dergisi, 3(4), 234– 249. https://doi.org/10.26677/tr1010.2021.906
Timilsina, M. (n.d.). Impacts of social media in restaurant businesses-A case study of restaurant based on Oulu region.
Wadhwa, R., Bansal, R., Chakir, A., & Katyal, R. (2022). Exploring Social Media Adoption and SME Performance (pp. 189–200). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5770-2.ch011
Wanyoike, J., & Kithae, P. P. (2019). Social Media Networks And SME Performance In The International Arena: A Case Of SMEs Operating In Kamukunji Area of Nairobi County, Kenya. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 4(5). https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2019.4.5.122
Weerasinghe, D. R., Dilhani, K., & Weerasinghe, R. (n.d.). Impact Of Content Marketing Towards The Customer Online Engagement. In International Journal of Research in Business, Economics and Management (Vol. 2). www.ijrbem.Com
Wibawa, B. M., Baihaqi, I., Nareswari, N., Mardhotillah, R. R., & Pramesti, F. (2022).
Witek-Hajduk, M. K., & Zaborek, P. (2022). Social media use in international marketing: Impact on brand and firm performance. International Journal of Management and Economics, 58(2), 121–142. https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2022-0011
Yamin, M. (2019). Information technologies of 21st century and their impact on the society.
Yee, C., & Abstrak, W. (2006). Penang Small and Medium Enterprises: Struggle, Accommodation and Challenges. In Penang Small and Medium Enterprises: Struggle, Accommodation Akademika (Vol. 69).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Tisya Farida Abdul Halim, Raziff Jamaluddin, Nuraini Abdullah, Mohd Khairulnizam Zahari, Nur Syuhadah Kamaruddin, Bannu A/P Subramanian (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.