Data Driven Strategies for Crime Prevention: A Focus on Integrated Crime Risk Assessment System

Authors

  • Mohammad Fahmi Hussin Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 3Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, 114646, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Author
  • Mohd Razif Maidin Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Author
  • Khairilmizal Samsudin Faculty of Resilience, Rabdan Academy, 114646, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Author
  • Nor Ayu Zalina Zakaria Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Author
  • Amalina Enche Ab. Rahim Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v11i2.632

Keywords:

Crime risk assessment, public safety, security, proactive strategies, data integration

Abstract

This study presents the Integrated Crime Risk Assessment System (ICRAS), a mobile application developed to assist Investigation Officers (IOs) within the Royal Malaysian Police in assessing crime risks and making well-informed decisions. The app utilizes a crime risk matrix that has been designed based on a pre-established risk appetite framework, allowing officers to evaluate crime risks accurately and efficiently. By integrating diverse data sources, such as historical crime data, demographic trends, and environmental factors, the app generates a risk score that reflects the likelihood of criminal activity in various areas. This risk score is essential for guiding decision-making, ensuring that resources are allocated effectively and that law enforcement efforts are focused on the most critical areas. The system empowers IOs to make proactive, evidence-based decisions that enhance community safety. With the help of ICRAS, officers can identify potential threats early, which improves the accuracy of crime predictions and optimizes the overall effectiveness of policing strategies. ICRAS exemplifies how technology can play a crucial role in modernizing law enforcement by providing a data-driven approach to crime prevention. Ultimately, it strengthens the decision-making processes, ensuring that the Royal Malaysian Police can respond to crime risks in a more informed and efficient manner.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmad, R., Nawaz, A., Mustafa, G., Ali, T., Tlija, M., El-Meligy, M. A., & Ahmed, Z. (2024). CHART: Intelligent crime hotspot detection and real-time tracking using machine learning. Computers, Materials and Continua, 81(3), 4171–4194. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2024.056971.

Alikhademi, K., Drobina, E., Prioleau, D., Richardson, B., Purves, D., & Gilbert, J. E. (2022). A review of predictive policing from the perspective of fairness. Artificial Intelligence and Law, 30, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10506-021-09286-4.

Arunkumar, M., Rajkumar, K., Salem Jeyaseelan, W. R., & Natraj, N. A. (2025). Data mining, machine learning, and statistical modeling for predictive analytics with behavioral big data. Tehnicki Vjesnik, 32(1), 72–77. https://doi.org/10.17559/TV-20231102001073.

Avendaño, A. M. A., Romero-Mendoza, M., & San Luis, A. H. G. (2022). From harassment to disappearance: Young women’s feelings of insecurity in public spaces. PLoS ONE, 17(9), e0272933. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272933.

Azevedo, V., Sani, A., Nunes, L. M., & Pauloa, D. (2021). Do you feel safe in the urban space? From perceptions to associated variables. Anuario de Psicologia Juridica, 31(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.5093/APJ2021A12.

Burke, R. H. (2025). An Introduction to Criminological Theory, 6th Edition. Routledge.

Dau, P. M., Vandeviver, C., Dewinter, M., Witlox, F., & Vander Beken, T. (2023). Policing directions: A Systematic Review on the effectiveness of police presence. European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research, 29(2), 191–225. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-021-09500-8.

Diphoorn, T., & Van Stapele, N. (2021). What is community policing?: Divergent agendas, practices, and experiences of transforming the police in Kenya. Policing (Oxford), 15(1), 399–411. https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paaa004.

Ekundayo, F. (2024). Big data and machine learning in digital forensics: Predictive technology for proactive crime prevention. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 24(2), 2692–2709. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.24.2.3659.

Girlando, A., Grima, S., Boztepe, E., Seychell, S., Rupeika-Apoga, R., & Romanova, I. (2021). Individual risk perceptions and behaviour. Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, 106, 367–436. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1569-375920210000106023.

Lechowska, E. (2022). Approaches in research on flood risk perception and their importance in flood risk management: a review. Natural Hazards, 111(3), 2343–2378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-021-05140-7.

Mahimkar, E. S. (2021). Predicting crime locations using big data analytics and map-reduce techniques. TIJER-International Research Journals, 8(4), 11-21.

Maidin, M. R., Hussin, M. F., Zakaria, N. A. Z., Ab.Rahim, S. A. E., & Samsudin, K. (2024). The need for integrated crime risk assessment systems using data-driven strategies for crime prevention in Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 14(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v14-i11/23600.

Mýlek, V., Dedkova, L., & Smahel, D. (2023). Information sources about face-to-face meetings with people from the Internet: Gendered influence on adolescents’ risk perception and behaviour. New Media and Society, 25(7), 1561–1579. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448211014823.

Organ, J. F., Decker, D. J., Stevens, S. S., Lama, T. M., & Doyle-Capitman, C. (2014). public trust principles and trust administration functions in the North American model of wildlife conservation: Contributions of human dimensions research. Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 19(5), 407–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2014.936068.

Shapiro, A. (2019). Predictive policing for reform? Indeterminacy and intervention in big data policing. Surveillance and Society, 17(3–4), 456–472. https://doi.org/10.24908/ss.v17i3/4.10410.

Silva, C., & Guedes, I. (2023). The role of the media in the fear of crime: a qualitative study in the Portuguese context. Criminal Justice Review, 48(3), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168221088570.

Van Veen, F., Sattler, S., & Mehlkop, G. (2025). Understanding change and differential updating of risk perceptions associated with illicit substance use: A panel study. Sociological Spectrum, 45(2), 73–94. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2024.2432355.

Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Qin, H., Ji, H., Zhang, Y., & Wang, J. (2021). A systematic risk assessment framework of automotive cybersecurity. Automotive Innovation, 4(3), 253–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42154-021-00140-6.

Zeng, Z., Zhong, W., & Naz, S. (2023). Can environmental knowledge and risk perception make a difference? The role of environmental concern and pro-environmental behavior in fostering sustainable consumption behavior. Sustainability, 15, 4791. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15064791.

Zhang, X., Liu, L., Xiao, L., & Ji, J. (2020). Comparison of machine learning algorithms for predicting crime hotspots. IEEE Access, 8, 181302–181310. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3028420.

Downloads

Published

2026-09-01

Issue

Section

General Computing

How to Cite

Data Driven Strategies for Crime Prevention: A Focus on Integrated Crime Risk Assessment System. (2026). Journal of Computing Research and Innovation, 11(2), 306-314. https://doi.org/10.24191/jcrinn.v11i2.632